技术织物被伸到样品主体上（左）。仿真分析了织物如何在身体表面上拉伸和滑动（右）。图片来源：Fraunhofer ITWM
The new T-shirt is nice and soft, it is comfortable to wear, and the fabric falls loosely. This usually meets the requirements in the field of fashion. The situation is different in the case of technical textiles. They have to meet different requirements.
Compression bandages, for example, should put pressure on the human tissue, therefore the stretchability of the material has to be right. Materials for protective jackets need to have a certain bending stiffness: If something hits them, the material should protect the wearer and not yield.
汽车座椅的纺织品必须耐用，尤其是在边缘。这些产品的制造商具有两个决定因素可以定义特性的因素：纱线以及单个纱线互连的结构 - 例如特殊的编织模式或网格变化。
可以相对容易地识别纱线的机械性能：使用将其夹紧的设备。它拉出纤维，并测量需要多少力才能通过预定值拉伸。
It is harder to comment on the properties of the fabric, though: The fabric has to be produced and then tested. However, this can naturally only be done with samples. It would be too costly to produce all conceivable designs with the various yarns.
集成模拟而不是样品
德国Kaiserslautern的Fraunhofer工业数学研究所ITWM开发了一种更简单，更有见地的方法来改善纺织品的特性。
ITWM科学家Julia Orlik博士说：“我们模拟了材料的行为。”“这样，我们能够准确预测织物具有哪些特性，具体取决于纱线和结构。”
好处：通过模拟，研究人员可以检查所有可能的模式和纱线变体，并分析哪个是最适合所需应用的最佳选择。不必生产单个纺织品。他们第一次甚至可以模拟纱线之间的接触。各个线程彼此滑动的状况如何？这又如何影响整个织物？
A starting point for the simulation are the parameters that the scientists receive from the manufacturers. These relate mainly to the yarns. In terms of contact properties, the question is more difficult: Few manufacturers can determine these parameters.
因此，研究人员从选定的真实织物中进行测量，将它们与模拟进行比较并调整参数，直到模拟和实验匹配的结果为止。
研究人员不仅分析了单独选择的结构；他们还逐渐改变它们。例如，以单个网格的形状。它类似于希腊字母ω。现在，您可以使此ω更长，更窄，或更短且越来越宽。我们不断地改变网格形状，看看对整个织物产生什么影响。” Orlik说。“简而言之：我们计算最佳配置。”
In addition, the researchers are investigating the yarns: How do the properties of the fabric change if, say, more stretchable yarn is used? The parameters are provided by the manufacturers. If a manufacturer has already decided upon a certain yarn, for example, the researchers look for the best structure for this yarn.
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