西门子说，合作伙伴关系是继续自动驾驶汽车开发的关键。

To physically verify the safety of an autonomous vehicle (AV), Toyota estimates that a vehicle would have to undergo tests that ran along about 8.8 billion miles. Of course, testing on this many miles of test tracks is pretty much impossible. Automakers must rely on a significant increase in virtual testing and “mixed virtual-physical testing,” along with increased physical testing

当涉及到大规模生产自动驾驶汽车时，这不仅仅是开发原型软件。这是关于生产电子产品的。这是关于车辆本身具有完整的验证和验证功能。它还包括系统驱动的产品开发。汽车制造商需要确保不仅针对开发人员而且在整个供应链中都有设计数据连续性。

所有这些零件将如何融合在一起，以便车辆制造商可以开始大量生产自动驾驶汽车？

为此，在过去的十年中，许多合作伙伴关系已经出现，以支持AV车辆测试。例如，西门子PLM和美国流动性中心已经联合力量增强了汽车制造商满足验证和验证挑战的能力。

西门子已经与美国移动中心合作，该中心维持自动驾驶汽车的测试地面，已与AV车辆开发和验证的安全合作。

合作伙伴说，挑战包括：

设计和开发强大的汽车级电子产品。虽然现代车辆中的某些电子系统是安全至关重要的，例如ABS制动控制器，但其中许多不是汽车的收音机。当我们进入自动驾驶汽车时代时，安全 - 关键电子系统的数量呈指数增长。为了使消费者接受自动驾驶汽车，并要使汽车制造商想要出售它们，电子产品必须以毫秒的速度做出反应，并且在所有操作条件下都必须100％可靠。

Designing, developing and integrating sensors.Autonomous vehicles are essentially conventional vehicles – but with a huge increase in sensors and software. These sensors must be both low-cost and hugely reliable. The sheer number and the wide range of required sensors is challenging. Automakers must incorporate cameras, radar and LIDAR systems, and more importantly, must fuse all information from these sensors so the vehicle can properly identify what’s happening around it – and put it all into a single message to identify the real threats on the road.

开发强大的软件和控件。Software is the at the heart of the The complexities involved in creating autonomous vehicles that can properly sense the environment, decide what must be done and then act on those decisions, are daunting. This sense-decide-act cycle needs to happen in milliseconds and must be better than humans. The software and controls must also keep learning and evolving over time so these vehicles become better and better over time.

合作与密切合作。汽车design and development has always been a collaborative effort with a vast supply base, with more than 70 percent of a vehicle typically coming from suppliers. With autonomous vehicles, this communication and close collaboration is amplified. Not only are automakers relying on suppliers for more high-end systems, but they’re collaborating with a wide range of non-traditional partners. Automakers are collaborating with global high-tech firms, such as Google, all the way down to small start-up firms. An even greater degree of collaboration is required to ensure that 100 percent of requirements are understood across the partner system, and that all partners flawlessly deliver on those requirements.

验证和验证。Automakers currently perform a huge amount of virtual and physical testing to ensure their vehicles safely meet the needs of a wide range of customers. In a traditional vehicle, the driver is always present to react to the infinite number of real-world driving challenges that we face. In an autonomous vehicle, the vehicle must take on the role of thinking for the driver – in addition to meeting all the usual requirements. This is daunting!

Each of these challenges must be studied in more detail, of course.

Currently, however, partnerships between private and public industry, between automakers and engineering software makers, between universities and private industry are a big step toward meeting those challenges.

Meanwhile, Siemens offers itself as a partner for vehicle manufacturers looking to mass produce autonomous vehicles. It’s recent partnership with the American Center for Mobility will help us prepare our customers for the changes coming to automotive manufacturing, according to Siemens.