波浪弹簧可以在动态应用中将工作高度降低至多30％，静态应用中高达50％。
Image credit: Rotor Clip
由于它们能够为传统螺旋弹簧提供类似的力和偏转特性，但是工作高度显着降低的工作高度，因此波动弹簧正在获得运动应用中的验收。虽然波形弹簧可用于静态应用 - 例如预加载轴承或机械密封 - 许多应用需要动态运动 - 例如，以帮助阀门的操作。当弹簧受到动态负载时，不同工作高度和力之间的恒定循环会导致弹簧体验疲劳 - 削弱和可能的材料失效。
波弹簧的疲劳寿命取决于弹簧和弹簧材料上的工作（运行）应力tensile strength. In dynamic applications there are multiple operating stresses (one at each working height), but in most cases, it’s sufficient to use the operating stresses at minimum and maximum loads. These operating stresses are used to determine the wave spring’s fatigue stress ratio.
X =疲劳应力比
σ=材料拉伸强度
S.1=在工作高度下计算的工作应力（必须不超过σ）
S.2= calculated working stress at upper working height
The fatigue stress ratio is then used to determine the spring’s estimated cycle life.
隔行扫描波弹簧可以提供比标准多转设计更高的负载能力和更长的循环寿命。
Image credit: Smalley
The most straightforward way to increase a wave spring’s fatigue stress ratio and, in turn, its estimated cycle life, is to use a material with a higher tensile strength (σ). Wave springs are offered in a broad range of steel, stainless steel, superalloy, and bronze materials, so designers often have the choice of severalM.aterialsthat will meet the application’s tensile strength requirementsandwithstand any special environmental conditions.
例如，17-7不锈钢（一种常用的波形弹簧的类型）提供耐腐蚀性和比碳钢更好的疲劳电阻。和Elgiloy，钴 - 铬 - 镍 - 钼高温合金提供出色的疲劳性，可承受盐水和酸性环境。
S.pring geometry also plays a role in fatigue by determining the working stress the spring sees. Working stress has an inverse-squared relationship to both material thickness (t) and number of waves per turn (N), so increasing either of these will provide a significant decrease in working stress. However, wave spring geometry also affects spring deflection and spring rate, so these must be taken into account.
S.= working stress
P = load
D.M.=平均直径
B =材料径向宽度
t = material thickness
N = number of waves per turn
避免疲劳和改善动态应用中循环寿命的另一种方法是使用隔行化波动弹簧。在这种设计中，两个具有相似厚度，幅度和频率和频率的弹簧被隔离，使得每个弹簧对齐的转弯。这增加了每个波转弯的厚度，这提供了更高的负载能力和更好的抗疲劳性。
It’s important to note that in dynamic applications, wave spring manufacturers generally advise that working stress should not exceed 80 percent of the material’s tensile strength. This is to reduce the possibility of the spring relaxing, or “taking a set.” Setting is a condition where the spring is stressed beyond its elastic limit and does not return to its original length. Although setting is usually undesirable, in some cases, a process known as “presetting” is used to increase the spring’s apparent elastic limit.
通过将弹簧制造成更长的自由高度和更高的负载来实现预设。然后将弹簧压缩成固体 - 即，到各种波触摸的点。这消除了在超过弹性极限时会发生的永久变形，并产生引起弹簧弹性极限的明显增加，从而提高给定高度的负荷能力。
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