Coil springs and wave springs are both types ofcompression springs, meaning the spring’s force increases as its axial length decreases (as the spring is compressed). But coil springs and wave springs react differently to applied loads, especially in terms of how stresses are created in the material, which in turn, affects their working load and the linearity of their load-deflection characteristics.
当将负载施加到螺旋弹簧时，弹簧均轴向和扭力，它产生轴向和扭转剪切应力。这种扭转装载可能导致弹簧扭曲，导致配合部件的意外力和未对准。另外，随着弹簧尝试扭曲，弹簧的端部和配合部件之间的摩擦可以使弹簧力不稳定并且偏离弹簧的载荷偏转曲线。
Image credit: Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
轴向和扭转剪切应力的组合也降低了弹簧的工作负荷。线圈弹簧具有相对小的线性力区域 - 载荷偏转曲线的面积，其中力随着偏转而线性变化。这使得它更加困难 - 且更可靠 - 预测给定偏转的弹簧的力，这可能对机械密封等的应用可能是有害的，其中偏转和力之间的关系对于适当的操作至关重要。
图片信用：旋转筒
图像信用：smalley
Wave springs are differentiated from coil springs primarily by their rectangular cross-section. Instead of being made from round wire, wave springs are made from flat wire with waves added to each turn of the spring. This designs means that wave springs flex, similar to a beam, when under load. Rather than twisting as a load is applied, the waves on a wave spring “flatten” and provide an upward force, so all the load on the spring occurs in an axial direction.
并且因为扁平线具有比圆线较小的横截面，所以波弹簧可以比具有类似弹簧速率的螺旋弹簧具有明显较小的自由高度（高度时）。
图像信用：李春
Although wave springs aren’t always a suitable replacement for coil springs — in applications that require a long travel or very high loads, for example — they are ideal for installations that require precise force at a given deflection and for those with limited radial or axial space.
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