Workplace culture is one of the biggest reasons women engineers choose to leave their field, according to a summary of two decades of engineering research from the review of research literature on women in engineering that is conducted by the Society of Women Engineers and published annually in SWE Magazine.
The summary was presented as part of a media briefing hosted by Anne Perusek, director, Editorial and Publications at SWE. Joining her were Peter Meiksins, Ph.D., Cleveland State University in Cleveland and Roberta Rincon, Ph.D., associate director of Research at SWE.
今年的SWE杂志文献评论分析了有关工程女性的20年社会科学研究，并涵盖了几个与性别角色和工程教育和就业趋势相交的新兴主题。SWE文献评论中总结的研究概述了工程领域女性少数的各种原因，又探讨了旨在增加和保留女性的计划
“有一个业务案例可以使该行业多样化，增加女性工程师的数量，拥有强大的员工队伍，但我们也非常强烈地认为有工程案例。那是因为我们知道多样化的团队提出了更好的解决方案。工程师，即使没有其他问题，就是解决问题的人。”佩鲁塞克说。
根据林肯的说法，在过去的50年中，妇女在工程方面取得了长足的进步，但收益却稳定了。
“在70年代和80年代，我们看到工程学位的妇女代表性大幅增加。但是在过去的20年中，它保持相对稳定。在2000年，大约有20％的女性获得了妇女的赚取，但现在只有22％至23％。”她说。林肯（Rincon）看到特定工程领域的类似趋势。
“We see similar trends in chemical engineering, environmental engineering, less so in some of the other disciplines like mechanical, aerospace, electrical engineering, where women are at about 17%. They’re below that 20% that we’re seeing across the board,” she said.
林肯指出，虽然有20％的工程师学位者是女性，但多年来，劳动力中女性工程师的百分比已徘徊在13％至14％左右。
This gap highlights the importance of workplace retention, a topic the SWE Magazine Literature covers. The magazine summarized landmark research conducted about 10 years ago that one of the big reasons that we are seeing out of the research is the influence of workplace climate and culture.
Perusek said there is one study in the literature review that focused on women college graduates who were interviewed for engineering jobs but decided after the interviews that they didn’t want any part of the jobs, which was very indicative of what they perceived about the culture of the organization in the interview process.
Meiksins summarized another research study that noted most employees who were conducting job interviews with women, were male, and this often backfired on the company.
“The women told the researchers that there was a lot of reference to the beer keg and the ping pong table and the fraternity house atmosphere that the candidates would enjoy at this tech company. And a lot of the women were really turned off by this and told the researchers, ‘Oh, I didn’t intend to join a fraternity,’” he said.
佩鲁塞克（Perusek）和梅金斯（Meiksins）都评论说，过去20年来，工程研究的更大变化之一是从“固定女性”转移到专注于男性的转变是改变工作场所文化的关键因素。
“而且我注意到曾经有一个假设，即女性将是变革局的代理人，男人的责任是更好，更宽容，但他们不必实际做任何事情。但是，我认为越来越多的感觉是，如果男人是盟友，女性希望能够实现的方式影响变革的能力，” Meiksins说。
Briefing participants did note the significant increase in women deans at engineering colleges and universities as well as some work being done by SWE to help create a positive engineering identity among young girls.
您可以通过文献评论查看工程版中的SWE杂志女性状态here
提交以下：工程领域的妇女
