William Sturgeon (1783-1850) is an unfamiliar name in most households, but his experiments and the instruments that he built were central in the annals of electrical engineering. He was an educator as well, with an incisive writing style that engaged the interest of fellow scientists and laypersons.
An important year in his life and in the emerging field of electrical engineering was 1824. Inspired by Hans Christian Ørsted’s observation that a magnetic needle is deflected by current flowing through a nearby conductor, Sturgeon built the first electromagnet that was capable of lifting more than its own weight. One model he built consisted of a seven-ounce piece of iron that could lift nine pounds when current passed through wire wrapped around it. This achievement paved the way for the inventions of the telegraph, electric motor and a vast number of derivative devices. Sturgeon actually was first, in 1832, to build a viable dc electric motor with a commutator.
Spurned by a staid publication calledPhilosophical Transactions，st鱼的回应是建立了一个更容易访问的期刊Annals of Electricity, Magnetism and Chemistry。今天可以在Google书籍中看到它，这使阅读非常有趣。
在随后的几年中，Sturgeon继续进行实验，理论化并发布了他关于与电磁有关的许多现象的发现。他建造了电磁体，为它们提供了充满活力，加热它们，弯曲它们，切割它们并进行了各种测量，并以语言发表了他的发现，这些发现在没有技术培训的情况下对许多读者来说是可以理解的。
在他的许多发明中，有悬挂式铝制电流仪。它是一个敏感的对仪表，当电流流过相关线圈时，导致针头枢转。可以根据配置为读取电流的电量计构建全功能万用表。DC电压表可以通过将电量计放在电压分隔电路中来构造，从而计算导致指定电流所需的电压，并适当校准拨盘。欧姆功能是通过将设备串联使用内部电池进行测量的，并根据需要在Ohms，Kilohms和Megohms中校准表盘。
Among Sturgeon’s many other achievements included an improved version of the chemical battery and a comprehensive theory of thermoelectricity. In addition, he performed a great number of atmospheric observations, using a kite to measure the charge of the atmosphere at various altitudes. He found that it became more positively charged with respect to the earth as the altitude rose.
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