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Why should one worry about voltage drop?

ByMary Gannon|3月9日,2022年

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由Frances Richards,贡献者

REMEE_Website-PoE-Product-Montage-A 为了简单地说,过量的电压降可降低电机,灯,电器和其他电气设备的操作效率。如果通过电线时损耗过多的电压,设备可能无法正常运行,或者根本可能无法运行。对于某些设备,如泵,大电机或使用压缩机的机器,即使是小的电压损失也可能是有问题的。请记住,电压下降也会产生热量,可在电线或电缆中积聚并损坏绝缘,最终导致火灾和休克等安全问题。让我们来看看影响电压降的四个主要因素,以及如何将其保持在分支布线电路中最远的容器中的国家电气代码(NEC)为5%的可接受的最小因素。例如,在120V / 15的电路中,最远插座的电路应在最远的出口处不大于6 V滴(至114 v)。

When current passes through wire, it is pushed along by electrical potential, or voltage, which must exceed a certain level of opposing pressure from the wire itself. Voltage drop is defined as the amount of electrical potential loss that is caused by the contrary pressure of the wire. The four chief variables involved in voltage drop include the wiring material, diameter, and length, and the amount of current being carried. The current carrying capacity of a wire is often called ampacity, which stands for ampere capacity.

Voltage drop calculator
Most cable manufacturers offer a free voltage drop calculator on their websites. This one comes from calculator.net.

关于布线材料,由于其优异的导电性和相对低的价格而与诸如银或金等更昂贵的选项相比,铜和铝被广泛使用。由于铜是更好的导线,铜将比铝的电压下降减少而不是铝。接下来,较大的电线尺寸(直径)将具有比相同长度的较小尺寸更小的电压下降。线长度也是一个关键因素。较短的电线将具有比相同直径的较长线的电压降更小。最后,携带的电流量将影响电压降水平。电流的增加导致增加电压降,但只有多少取决于线的容易性,这又取决于电线材料和温度等变量。

减少电压降的最简单方法之一是增加电线或电缆的尺寸(直径),这将降低整体线长度的电阻。考虑到较大的铜或铝电缆将增加成本,因此请务必计算电压下降以指定适当的电线。在线电压降计算器和电线厂家是一个良好的开始。


Filed Under:Wire & Cable Tips


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