1. Additional reinforcement of the building structure
Earthquake-proof buildings generally consist of shear walls, cross braces, diaphragms, and moment-resisting frames. These components all serve to redistribute forces. For example, shear walls that are composed of several panels help buildings in motion keep their shape. Cross braces absorb compression and tensile forces by pushing back the forces to the foundation.
Diaphragms are a core structural component and comprise floors, ceilings, and the roof. Their purpose is to take tensions out of the ground and to transmit the forces to the vertical building structures.
Moment-resistant frames are installed in between the connectors of the columns and beams of a building, which allows them to bend while the joints remain rigid. Buildings are thus able to withstand the forces of an earthquake. Another advantage is that these components give designers more freedom in the configuration of the building elements.
2. Flexible foundations
为了使建筑基础能够承受地震产生的地面力，应将其与地面脱钩。一个常见的过程是将基座隔离并安装在用橡胶，铅或钢制成的柔性垫上。当基础移动时，这些隔离元素会执行补偿反向运动，从而确保建筑物将保持其位置。这样，地震波就被吸收并阻止进入建筑物。
3. Redirection of earthquake energy
与反对力的概念相反，正在研究如何重定向地震产生的能量。一种创新的方法是所谓的“地震隐形斗篷”，该斗篷由100个同心塑料或混凝土环组成，埋在建筑物基础下方至少一米处。当地震波进入这些戒指时，为了易于传播，它们必须首先通过外环，这将使建筑物从建筑物转移到地面上。
4.通过阻尼产生反孔
通过部分吸收诱导的能量，冲击阻尼器可以降低冲击波的强度。这有助于建筑物振动较慢。使用以下两种阻尼：
振动阻尼器：在每个建筑物级别的圆柱和梁之间安装一个阻尼器。该阻尼器由一个圆柱体组成，该圆柱体结合了Ringfeder®摩擦弹簧（替代硅油）和活塞冠。如果发生地震，则建筑物将振动能传递到活塞，该活塞被压在弹簧（或油）上。以这种方式，能量被转化为热量，同时降低了振动力。
摆力量：摩天大楼通常配备有钢绳和建筑物顶部的钢绳和阻尼器系统的重质质量。当建筑物开始摇摆时，反质量的表现就像摆在钟摆，并朝相反的方向移动，从而稳定了建筑物。
提交以下：耦合技巧
