Bastiaan Oud and Jonathan Girroir
To the outside eye, injection molding might seem straightforward enough: You shoot hot, liquid plastic into a cavity that is the shape of what you want to build, let it cool, pop it out, and voilà – you have your part.
现实更为复杂。如果您完全像想从中弹出的形状一样建造腔体,那么您实际上不会得到所需的形状,因为随着塑料的冷却和凝固,它会收缩。
它也不均匀地收缩:该零件的热性能会导致其在不同区域变形并扭曲形状。结果,为了获得与您设计的完全一样的零件,您必须以一种考虑收缩和扭曲问题的方式来构建模具。
不过,这是问题:霉菌的构建并不是完全便宜的,因此通过反复试验获得良好的解决方案可能是一项昂贵的工作。
The initial mold can cost somewhere in the five-digit to six-digit range to build, depending on its size and complexity. If the manufacturer gets the mold wrong – if parts aren’t coming out right – they have to make physical alterations to the mold, shaving off metal and resizing it until they get better results. These corrections often cost thousands or tens of thousands of dollars – sometimes even hundreds of thousands.
除了费用外,还有时间问题。在最好的情况下,其中一个更正可能需要两个星期才能实施。通常,可能需要四到六个星期。如果制造商平均每个模具的校正平均,它可能会大大延迟其上市时间,并最终影响整体盈利能力。
是一种虚拟方法的时间
幸运的是,注射模制器可以通过从其他制造业领域获得提示并采用虚拟化来缓解这些挑战,从而使其能够在物理建造物体建造之前以数字方式优化其模具。
虚拟化允许注射模具制造商在设计阶段的早期,即仍然可以轻松进行更改,从而模拟他们将从其部分,模具和参数中获得的结果。
他们可以使用仿真来找到问题的答案:“如果我以这种方式构建模具,然后以某种方式调整围绕吞吐量或温度的参数,那么最终产品将是什么样的?”从本质上讲,模拟通过提前预测它们来帮助解决收缩和扭曲问题,从而使制造商从一开始就可以更准确地构建模具。
避免模具错误并不是很小的好处。例如,一家典型的大型汽车制造商每年生产数百种模具(每次需要几轮校正),可以通过使用模拟减少所需的校正次数来节省大量的资金。储蓄总量将在数百万美元中。
But the simulation helps you do more than just avoid errors. It helps you find better solutions. You can find part and mold designs that save cycle time, or reduce the amount of material used, without sacrificing quality. Depending on the size of a customer’s operations, this is often the largest source of value, in the long run.
If this is “the promised land” for injection mold manufacturers, how best to get there?
更改管理很重要
当然,软件是方程的一部分。复杂的仿真软件(受强大3D可视化的基础)使用户能够执行详细的虚拟分析和优化,并清楚地了解他们对设计的每项调整的影响。
但是软件只是解决方案的一部分。在注入模制空间中采用虚拟化也需要改变心态,以便注射模成型器开始使用可视化和模拟,并真正相信the simulation.
Much of this mindset shift comes down to successful change management. This requires organizations to do a little more “front loading” in the early stages of their design process than they’re historically used to. In other words, rather than racing to create the first prototype, they should involve the downstream people – the ones who do quality control, or who do serial production – early in the design process, to make sure everyone’s aligned. This will cost a bit of time on the front end, but will deliver much greater savings later on.
当然,为了获得延迟的好处,让人们尽早做出牺牲总是很困难的 - 因此,至关重要的是要描绘出改变旧习惯和学习新工作方式的价值的非常引人注目的画面。
“开始狭窄但深处”是很好的建议。旨在为您指出的快速胜利和旗舰虚拟化成功。最好做一个虚拟化项目真的好吧,然后有一些要谈论的事情要比以一种如此的方式进行五个项目,在这里您没有什么令人印象深刻的指向。当没有旗舰成功作为灯塔的情况下,进步就会消失。
Tackling the big issues
坦率地说,有一些紧迫的问题需要解决,因此注射模制者的时间不再更好。
Sustainability is probably the most important mega-trend facing the plastics industry, both in terms of consumer perception, as well as regulation that is already in place and will come with added force in the future. Simply put, a manufacturer that doesn’t have sustainability on their strategic agenda is making a big mistake. It should be top of mind for management everywhere.
再次,虚拟化在这里可以发挥作用。它不仅对制造商有好处 - 节省他们的时间和金钱 - 对环境也有好处,因为它为注射模制者提供了一个机会来找出答案how通过更好的设计减少塑料浪费。
Virtualization allows injection molders to analyze different trade-offs in their design: If I use this particular material, what will happen? How thin can I afford to make the walls of my part without it becoming fragile, so that I don’t waste material? How can I build the gating system that the liquid plastic flows through, to minimize the amount that solidifies before it enters the cavity and is ejected as waste?
所有这些事情最终都是工程设计决策。通过虚拟化,注射模具制造商将拥有强大的资源,以实现最佳的工程和设计选择,从而有助于注射成型有效地应对其所面临的各种挑战,同时无疑将行业前进到一个令人兴奋的新时代。
关于作者
Bastiaan Oud博士是Simcon战略主管,Jonathan Girroir是Tech Soft 3D的技术传教士。
Filed Under:Make Parts Fast
