高级TCA板可以拥有多达八张高级夹层卡。图像由Molex提供。
如果实际上可以在现场添加夹层卡以升级系统而无需降低系统或删除主机卡的情况，那会不会很好？这是PICMG（PCI工业计算机制造商集团）发明AMC“高级夹层卡”时的梦想。当时，该委员会正在积极研究ATCA（高级电信和计算机架构）。ATCA的30毫米纸牌音高有足够的空间供夹层卡。委员会认为，能够将夹卡卡添加或删除在主机委员会正面的概念是一个重要的市场优势。ATCA系统供应商可以将所有这些插槽空白运输，最终客户可以根据需要添加夹层卡，以添加其他端口，以更改端口格式或使用更高容量卡升级功能，而无需关闭系统和令人不安的系统这些卡服务的其他客户。当今的系统可以获取来自成千上万个客户浏览单个卡的客户的数据。
The 0.050-in. pitch right angle Advanced Mezzanine connectors provide high speed in a compact, cost effective format. Image courtesy of Molex.
明显的AMC卡片是使应用程序lots of IO (Input-Output) flexibility, but other functions such as DSP (digital signal processing used to enhance voice quality in digital telecommunication systems,) quickly migrated to the AMC card format as well. Even complete processor modules are now available in this format. Solid State Memory or thin hard drives also fits very nicely in this format. The benefit to the end user is the flexibility to add cards when traffic demand requires it and to upgrade cards as customer demands change. To make the AMC hot plug concept work, a new generation of edge-card mezzanine connectors were developed that accept AMC cards with gold edge-card fingers. A lot of work went into achieving the signal integrity needed to make this format successful.
AMC卡的示例显示处理器，IO和存储功能均以相同的外形为单位。图像由Molex提供。
这些金指多年来不是您祖父在个人计算机附加卡中发现的金指。对AMC卡上的金色垫进行了微调，以提供最小的电固管，并调整为受控阻抗。一对信号侧面是地面触点，以实现更高的信号完整性性能。边缘卡连接器仍然有一个限制，即配合系统的一半是PC板，厚度±10％厚度公差，但在标称1.6毫米厚的AMC卡上，这是可以的。
The AMC connectors and cards are used in many applications beyond ATCA. The best example is MicroTCA where edge card backplane connectors accept the same AMC cards as larger systems, dramatically increasing the market size for makers of the AMC cards. One of the major successes for the MicroTCA architectures has been in micro base stations that extend cellular networks with small base stations that can be on utility poles, or discretely positioned on the sides of buildings. This same architecture has been quite useful for smaller systems used in factory control and small telecommunication boxes providing aggregation, net security, encryption, voice quality improvement, etc.
AMC cards combined with control, power supply, and fans create a powerful small system in a 1U chassis. Image courtesy of Cleaver Brinkerhoff.
与其他标准,AMC卡了an industry of smaller companies who provide specialized cards that can be used in many different systems. Examples are IO cards in many different flavors from T-1 old technology hard wire telecommunication cards to 25 Gb Ethernet fiber transceiver cards all in the same form factor. Processor cards can offer the mainstream CPU chips, but also specialized graphics or network processing functionality. Storage cards can be hard disk drives, or solid state storage. This kind of mix and match capability allows system designers to use the maximum amount of off-the-shelf cards and to just focus on the special sauce they add to the system, speeding time-to-market and offering maximum flexibility to adapt to future updates in customer requirements, or available technology. This article has focused on the AMC as a mezzanine form factor. I encourage you to go to www.PICMG.com and study the AMC standards. The architecture has interesting features that enable these cards to communicate with the system as they are inserted to gracefully power up and to gracefully power down when unplugged. The control systems are quite sophisticated and are the result of many thousands of man hours thinking about all of the possibilities in order to create a control architecture robust enough for failsafe applications in telecom and computing systems.
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