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Engineers Explore Origami To Create Folding Spacecraft

ByPhys.org|2017年9月25日

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An ancient art form has taken on new shape at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.

Origami, the Japanese tradition of paper-folding, has inspired a number of unique spacecraft designs here. It’s little wonder that it fascinates NASA engineers:origami看起来很简单,将复杂的数学隐藏在其折痕中。

除了审美,这地址persistent problem faced by JPL engineers: how do you pack the greatest amount of spacecraft into the smallest volume possible?

在Starshade, an immense, folding iris that has been proposed as a way to block light from distant stars. It would unfurl to a diameter of about 85 feet (26 meters) in space, about the size of a standard baseball diamond.

抑制恒星光的亮度将扩大空间望远镜检测轨道外行星的能力。一个未来的项目被视为与Starshadeis一起使用的广大现场红外调查望远镜的可能使用的项目,该项目将采用特殊的冠状动脉to image larger planetsaround other stars.If a Starshade is flown, combining it with WFIRSTwould allow it to detect smaller planets, too.

这么大的东西更容易受到微历史罢工的风险;任何刺穿都可能意味着光明并掩盖望远镜的愿景。从事Starshade的技术专家Manan Arya说,这就是JPL转向折纸风格的折叠图案的原因。

“We use multiple layers of material to block starlight, separated by some gaps so that, if we do get hit, there’s a good chance that there won’t be a line-of-sight puncture,” Arya said.

钥匙是开发算法,使《星际》可以平稳,可预测和反复地折叠。

艾莉亚说:“我工作的很大一部分是在纸上看一些东西,问‘我们可以驾驶这个吗?'”他可以被认为是星际演员的“首席折纸”。他的博士学位论文研究了折纸在太空上层建筑中的使用。

太空折叠的丰富多彩的历史激发了他的启发。其中包括太阳能阵列,例如国际空间站上的太阳能电池阵列;专为空间shuttle programin the 1980s; evenEcho 1这是一个10层高的地球气球,必须在发射之前将其包装成26英寸直径(66厘米)的球形有效载荷罐。

“一旦我意识到这就是您如何折叠航天器结构的方式,我就会对折纸产生兴趣。”“我意识到我很擅长并喜欢它。现在我不断折叠。”

He’s not alone. Robert Salazar, a JPL intern who helped design the Starshade folding pattern, now works on an experimental concept calledTransformers for Lunar Extreme Environments。JPL高级研究科学家阿德里安·斯托卡(Adrian Stoica)领导了该项目,该项目将使用不断发展的反射镜将太阳的光线弹成地球月球上的深坑。部署后,这种太阳能可以融化水冰或电力机械。

Salazar测试在工作区域中的折叠设计和材料,这些工作区域上散布着废料,主要是从纸张上进行的。他还折叠了卡普顿(Kapton),这是一种用作航天器绝缘材料的金属丝材料,以及一种不形成永久折痕的特殊聚乙烯织物。

萨拉萨尔说:“有了大多数折纸,魔术来自折叠。”“您不能完全从几何形状设计。您需要了解材料的品质,以了解其将如何折叠。”

萨拉萨(Salazar)制作折纸已有17年了。小时候,他受到儿童著作《萨达科和千纸起重机》的启发。他自己的原始设计包括纸动物。实际上,他折叠了濒危物种的纸版本,并将其捐赠给野生动植物保护区。

他说,在工程学中使用折纸是相对较新的,并且正在促进有关折叠模式的技术论文的发表。

“There are so many patterns to still be explored,” Salazar said. “Most designs are for shapes that fold flat. Non-flat structures, like spheres or paraboloids, largely haven’t been done.”

《星际》和《变形金刚项目》仍处于早期阶段。但是艾莉亚(Arya)指出,我们很快就会看到太空折纸。立方体是一个有前途的应用:这些微型卫星是公文包的大小,NASA将在未来几年使用这些模块化航天器启动多个关键任务。

Because they require so little space, mass and cost, they’re easier to launch. But CubeSats are limited in what they can do without folding structures,which can pack antennasand other equipment into them.

艾莉亚说:“这是我看到折纸越来越重要的领域。”

Another is robotics. A JPL robot called河豚受折纸的启发。它的可折叠主体由嵌入织物的折叠电路板制成。使用时,它会弹出并可以爬过岩石或挤在壁架下面。

In July, NASA placedan open callfor origami designs to be used in radiation shielding—another sign that the art form has much to offer the future of空间勘探。


Filed Under:航空航天 +防御


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