你准备好了5克吗？

5G将很快用其全套功能部署。作为一个通信工具，它在手中掌握了比我们以前的更多功能。我们会准备好它，当它为我们做好准备？

由斯科特奥洛斯基，贡献作家

We’ve all been inundated by ads from Telecom Companies wanting us to adopt the latest 5G technology. Marketing aside, 5G is more than just another incremental step in the progression from 1G through 4G. It was designed to be a high connectivity, broadband, wireless, low latency communication platform. It has the same attributes that system designers are looking for to handle the massive amounts of data being generated and used to operate factories – and that’s no coincidence. Some of the performance characteristics that are supported by the 5G architecture include mission-critical communications, IoT, all spectrum types (licensed, shared, unlicensed); low, mid and high frequency bands and device-to-device and multi-hop mesh connectivity.

在广泛的条件下，基于预期用途，有三个迁移途径为4G到5G。其中的第一个是embb或增强的移动宽带。这适用于现有系统，该系统构建为4G LTE应用，其中5G的较高带宽表示更快的下载速度，以及每平方公里的设备更高的设备。这还包括更高的移动性（思考高速列车和飞机），并且可能会利用5g的较低延迟。这些基本上延伸了现有4G设备的范围。

不断增长的使用领域是自动车辆，既是道路和受控环境，如仓库和机器人制造。这被称为URLLC或UTRA可靠和低延迟通信。这涉及令人难以置信的快速转变，使用许可证带宽和数据共享安排 - 全部以可靠性的名义。目标是准确的数据，在延迟会导致文字碰撞的情况下具有低延迟。此结构中的一个唯一特征允许出于安全原因中断现有通信的关键信号。此服务级别包括将演变为与本地化GPS竞争的定位信息。

The third level of 5G engagement is mMTC or Massive Machine-Type Communication to support one million devices per square kilometer. In order to be effective as an IoT communication channel under the 5G NR (New Radio) standard it required the definition of two new device types. These are either NB-IoT (Narrow Band, 200kHz, Internet of Things) and CAT-M1 (1.4 GHz, Mobile). The NB-IoT variant is specifically for sensors or measuring devices which only need to perform their duty occasionally: things like flow measurement, tank level, overspeed indication, etc. This class of devices should be ubiquitous, cheap, and low power. The CAT-M1 is for devices that require the high bandwidth and low latency that you would find in an automation environment. Both can sleep for extended periods of time with extended Discontinuous Reception (eDRX) and Power Saving Mode (PSM).

现在5G能力在哪里？
原始时间表由3GPP和IEEE发布于2018年，并在2019年中发布的第一个规范用于建立在4G LTE设备顶部的用例。在该发行时，在未来三年内计划了两种规格释放，然后在稍后的时间TBD释放。该卷展栏的不同于任何先前的卷展栏，主要原体是由于上面提到的附加功能以及需要销售和调节的宽度的频谱。在2020年代中期，最新发布（释放号码16）是最终确定的。这是一个开始带入工厂的4.0特点：像多用户多个输入/输出等事情，通常称为大规模MIMO将加速通信周期;自含有在建筑物内部定位的定位（没有GPS），可提高与第17份的次仪表精度;5G NR（新无线电）使用无牌频谱允许私有本地网络和TSN（时刻敏感网络），其可以将网络上的所有设备同步到同一时钟以及启用车辆到车辆网络。

How bandwidth is allocated
Over the years, telecom companies have been accumulating license rights for voice and data for use in mobile phones, 1G through 4G. All of these frequencies are still available for 5G. However as can be seen by the chart and table below, 5G also potentially includes numerous additional frequencies. The FCC has made a commitment to an accelerated roll-out for these new frequencies under their 5G FAST plan. They have designated spectrum groups as High, Medium, Low and Unlicensed bands and have already, through an incentive auction, licensed the High band spectrum covering 28 through 48 GHz.

示例用例：
自动车辆
5G的一个功能是将某些信息指定为关键任务的能力。与4G不同，允许5G分配关键信号的优先级，并可以覆盖其他正在进行的“对话”。例如，如果碰撞迫使，例如它可以将E-STOP命令发送到一块设备或子系统。这支持自动车辆操作构造，但也适用于保持Cobots安全，或者紧急停止在输送机或Web流程上，其中误差可能在产品方面昂贵，并且损失时间以重新启动该过程。

监测
许多关键设备是电机驱动，当它过度驱动时，或者近乎终身，它们可以开始自我热量。制造工厂可以配备IR摄像机，以涵盖关键操作并寻找任何异常的热量活动。这些类型的故障通常会导致关闭，但是，当用于监控时，这可能允许“运行安全”或“安全停止”操作。然后，可以计划使用计划的关闭，从而最大限度地减少生产中断。

Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality (AR/VR)
这些应用程序需要lots of bandwidth and must have a low latency (< 1ms). In a VR application, the intent would be to use a headset or glasses as a teaching tool. An operator could learn things like testing protocols, assembly processes, or robot teaching methods. They could simulate a manufacturing environment and then run the simulation to ensure that it works as planned before committing capital expenditures. Augmented Reality, though similar to VR is a better tool for accessing CAD drawings, assembly drawings and tooling drawings in a graphic form. Most manufacturing facilities would produce these drawings routinely as part of the manufacturing process. Once those drawings are associated together through a number, an assembler can call-up these drawings during the product build. With these references, product assembly could be checked at each stage of assembly against the design and manufacturing template.

本地互联网
凭借奢华的绿地项目或小型飞行员，5G安装的高带宽和无线连接可用于在今天构建本地互联网。它将直接通过本地连接访问。从理论上讲，传感器可以直接向云或本地服务器和主要移动器（例如电机，执行器和机器人）发送数据可以直接从特定位置访问其指令。目前，并非所有传感器和主要搬运工都用IIOR设计，因此他们没有通信基础设施。但是，与此同时，可以使用现有以太网连接标准之一建立工厂。随着5G提供的扩展，通信可以逐步迁移到5G无线的基础。完全部署一次，典型的智能工厂架构可以类似于具有网络基础架构的5G智能工厂，如下所示。

包起来
5G is coming on quickly and will be deployed with its full set of features within the next couple of years. As a communication tool, it puts more functionality in our hands than we’ve ever had before. The question now is, will we be ready for it, when it is ready for us?

作者Bio：斯科特奥洛斯基在UC Berkeley的制造和控制理论上有一个硕士学位，为工商业的工商业的设计，开发，营销和销售传感器和执行器有超过30年。