可能的小连接器 - IEEE 1386夹层连接器

Mezzanine connectors are among the most useful in the connector arsenal to solve packaging problems. They come in many forms. This article focuses on the IEEE 1386 Mezzanine connector, one of the simplest and most-used mezzanine solutions. This simple connector had a strong influence in the direction and growth of electronic packaging.

PCI Mezzanine boards offer an industry standard mezzanine solution.

2001年，IEEE发布了针对行业标准连接器的规范，以促进在当时使用的许多基于EuroCard的标准系统（如VME BUS和COMPACT PCI）中使用自定义IO卡。IEEE 1386标准拨出了一张小卡，长75毫米，长150毫米，位于主机卡以上8.2毫米处。夹层卡底部的IO连接器可以通过卡面板上的标准开口进行适合。夹层连接器在两排中有64个SMT触点，并带有一个简单的弹簧束交配，并带有平坦的刀片。IEEE 1386进一步定义了前面板开口，以使许多不同制造商的卡都适合相同的空间和交配连接器。这使得使用标准的夹层交配界面可以在正面使用各种IO卡。该标准进一步定义了如何使用多达四个夹层连接器来创建功能更强大的系统。尽管PCI（外围计算机接口标准）是使用的主要协议，但可以使用任何适合的协议。

拥有夹层卡的标准接口的效果是使IO夹卡供应商的新社区成为新的社区，其中许多是小型企业家公司。该标准界面还意味着主机董事会供应商不再需要为每种IO的可能性制作不同的卡。这使东道董事会供应商能够实现规模经济，从而帮助总体VME和CPCI标准繁荣，成长和发展了几十年。

Two row beam on blade mezzanine connectors (before mating, left; angled mate, center; and fully mated, right) can tolerate a lot of mating abuse, making this an ideal solution for small mezzanine cards.

A number of features made this connector an especially good solution for this application. It has the ability to absorb a number of chassis related tolerances with a very simple, but flexible (literally) connector interface. The mating part of the 1386 connectors consists of flat metal contacts captured on each side of a plastic blade. The mating connector accepts the plastic blade between single beam springs. The mating system is quite resilient and strong, thanks to the plastic housing features combined with gull wing SMT (Surface Mount Technology) tails on the host and mezzanine cards. SMT gull wing leads have the wonderful characteristic that, in light connectors like this one, the connector will float on the liquid solder during reflow, centering the connector to the array of SMT pads. If the connector body is not fixed to the board, it can lean left or right to gain mating tolerance with the mating part. This centering effect allowed multiple connectors to be successfully mated to form a very reliable mating system with up to 272 pins. The elegant simplicity of this mating system enabled this interconnect to be used for decades as systems, protocols, and speeds evolved. This principle continues to be used today in a variety of micro miniature connectors that have made laptops, tablets, and cell phones possible.

这个故事的后记
The competition for the IEEE 1386 mezzanine connector standard was a surprise consortium of vendors offering compression solutions that could mate with a standard configuration of gold pads on the mezzanine card and host board. The consortium included ATT, IBM, and a spring pin supplier. This threat forced the major connector vendors including Tyco, Molex, and FCI to rally behind the connector that was chosen. A compression solution needs forces in the range of 50 pounds per connector to assure reliable connection with no wipe. Dave Rios from Molex borrowed a 50-lb barbell from a local gym that was used to illustrate the magnitude of this force. At the point in the PowerPoint presentation that this fact was presented, the barbell was dropped on a folding table, causing water to spray out of all the glasses around the table. When the laughter died down, the point had been made that conventional mating connectors with mating wipe provide a simple, reliable solution that is hard to beat.

创建行业标准可以既有趣又具有教育意义。如果您有机会，我鼓励您参与此过程。您会为此更明智。

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